Comparing the frequencies of G6PD deficiency in healthy Kinh and haemoglobinuric Kinh (table 3) demonstrates that G6PD deficiency is significantly associated with haemoglobinuria in the Kinh [comparison of "probable G6PD deficient" haemoglobinuric patients to healthy controls, OR = 14.9, 95%CI (7.7 to 28.9), P < 0.0001; comparison of "definite G6PD deficient" haemoglobinuric patients to healthy controls, OR = 4.11, 95%CI (2.04 to 8.34), P < 0.0001]. The gene discussed is G6PD; the disease is G6PD deficiency.