MMP9 and intestinal neoplasm: Studies have shown some putative TCF/LEF binding sites lie in the promoters of MMP-7[31], MT1-MMP[32], MMP-2 and MMP-9[12], and via these binding sites, Wnt/β-catenin can directly upregulate these MMPs. For instance, it has been found that MMP-7 and MT1-MMP are upregulated by β-catenin/LEF-TCF compound in intestinal tumors [31,32].