CCR5 and AIDS: If transmission is not prevented by preexisting antibody, then an effective AIDS vaccine will also need to prime for rapid (hours to days) innate responses of anti-HIV-1 factors (such as defensins [75], alpha-1-antitrypsin [76], CCR5 binding chemokines [77], or anti-HIV-1 NK cell responses [78],[79]) that might protect against HIV-1–induced follicular germinal center B cell and CD4+ T cell loss until robust CD8+ T cell and secondary B cell responses are induced.