Thus, we show that IL-12 inhibits directly human NSCLC growth, and others [30] have demonstrated in mouse models that IL-12 alters the functional profile of tumor associated macrophages (TAM) by rapidly reducing production of IL-10, MCP-1/CCL2, migration inhibitory factor and TGF-β1, and increasing release of TNF, IL-15 and IL-18. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.