PAPP-A blood levels seem to be an independent predictor of ischemic cardiac events and indicative of revascularization in patients with suspected MI but negative troponin: Lund J et al. found that PAPP-A plasma levels >2.9 mUI/l were associated with a risk of MI, death or revascularization 4.6-fold higher vs PAPP-A plasma levels <2.9 mUI/l (Lund J et al. 2003). Here, PAPPA is linked to myocardial infarction.