However, the relationship between BRAF mutations and more aggressive tumour behaviour have not been confirmed in a number of other studies (Trovisco et al. 2005; Fugazzola et al. 2006), and a high frequency of BRAF mutations has been reported in microcarcinomas with an excellent prognosis (Kim et al. 2005; Fugazzola et al. 2006; Rodolico et al. 2007). This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and neoplasm.