It involved 29 critically ill septic patients of which 10 developed ARF (defined here as creatinine ≥267 μmol/L or diuresis ≤30 mL/h, duration not specified), cystatin C was not found to be correlated with the occurrence of ARF, as opposed to measurements of the N-terminal prohormone of atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP).75 It is unclear from this study how many patients required RRT. Here, NPPA is linked to acute kidney injury.