Among the 75 unique probes, 8 showed statistically significant differential expression between specimens from HCC patients with ‘normal’ serum AFP <20 ng/ml (n = 16) and specimens from hepatitis patients (with HBV or HCV infections) (n = 18): interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), interferon-gamma (IFNG), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), resistin (RETN), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14), and CTNNB were up-regulated in HCC with low AFP, whereas fibrolast growth factor-basic (FGF2), and SELL were down-regulated in HCC with low AFP (p < 0.05) (Table 5, Fig. 3). Here, CDKN1A is linked to hepatitis A virus infection.