ESCO2 and cancer: Interestingly, many of the sex-specific genes identified in our study have published roles in human cancer, including TFPI2 (Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2) (Figure 1G) [26], LUM (Lumican) [27], PDPN (Podoplanin) [28], SDC1 (Syndecan-1) [29], ESCO2 (Establishment of cohesion 1 homolog 2) (Figure 1G) [30], SSX2IP (Synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 2 interacting protein) [31], CTGF (Connective tissue growth factor) [32], MMP2 (Matrix metallopeptidase 2) [33].