However, CSF MIF levels were not significantly higher in patients who died from the infection than in surviving patients (6,662 [3,383 to 17,855] ng/l versus 5,006 [1,701 to 10,971] ng/l, respectively; P > 0.05) or in patients who developed septic shock than in those who did not (5,161 [3,830 to 25,474] ng/l versus 5,617 [1,693 to 10,922] ng/l; P > 0.05). The gene discussed is MIF; the disease is infection.