USP18 and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive: Though few, there have been reports of UBP43 function related to oncogenesis: 1) A UBP43-mediated block in cytokine-induced terminal differentiation of the myeloid cell line M1 [33]; 2) A potential anti-neoplastic influence in acute promyelocytic leukemia [33], [34]; and 3) Resistance to BCR-ABL induction of a chronic myeloid leukemia-like myeloproliferative disease in Ubp43−/− mice [37].