As shown in Table 4, the odds of having lung cancer given that a preinvasive lesion had gain for genomic regions increased from 4.23 (1.21–14.8, 95%CI) when 1 or 2 markers of 4 (CEP3, TTP63, CEP6, MYC) were abnormal to 11 (2.63–45.9, 95%CI) when 3 or 4 markers showed elevated copy numbers. This evidence concerns the gene CDC42EP3 and lung cancer.