The cytotoxic activity of both NK (CD56+CD3-) cells and NKT-like (CD56+CD3+) cells from COPD subjects correlated with lung function as assessed by FEV1 measurement (r = 0.84; p = 0.0024 and r = 0.81; p = 0.0072, respectively; Figure 5A and 5B). Here, NCAM1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.