In order to discover novel polymorphisms associated with UTIs, we PCR-amplified and sequenced the coding regions of 7 TLR pathway genes (TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, MYD88, TIRAP, TRIF, and TRAM) in subjects with a high frequency of cystitis or pyelonephritis episodes. Here, TLR4 is linked to chronic cystitis.