In summary, the present data show that the TLR2-TLR6-MyD88, MDA-5-IPS-1 and NALP3 inflammasome pathways exert both specific and coordinated functions in the sensing of MVA infection and in the regulation of cytokine, chemokine and IFNβ responses (Figure 10). The gene discussed is IFIH1; the disease is mevalonic aciduria.