A large longitudinal analysis from South India that included a cohort of 295 children (mean age, 7.6 years; median baseline CD4 percentage, 14%) who were newly initiated on ART reported that baseline prevalence of anemia (Hb < 11 gm/dL) was 66% and that of severe malnutrition (weight-for-age Z score < -2) was 35% [43]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is anemia.