Phortress, which entered early Phase I clinical trials in 2004, induces CYP1A1 in breast cancer sensitive cell lines, such as MCF-7, T-47D and IGROV (IC50 < 10 nM) and is further metabolized by CYP1A1 to reactive electrophillic species which results in DNA adduct formation [116-118]. Here, CYP1A1 is linked to breast carcinoma.