The ANX2 was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in 14 of 18 primary RCC tissues in comparison to the corresponding normal renal tissues; especially, the ΔCT value of tumour (mean±s.d., −3.07±0.71) was significantly higher than those of the corresponding normal renal tissue (mean±s.d., −3.80±0.76) (P=0.0086) (Figure 1A and B). This evidence concerns the gene ANXA2 and renal cell carcinoma.