These molecular characteristics of MAP carcinomas include: low MSI (Microsatellite instability), low frequencies of  APC, β-cantenin mutations and LOH (Loss of Heterozygosity) of 18q, harboring the SMAD4 gene, and the karyotype of tumor cells typically being near-diploid [46, 50]. The gene discussed is APC; the disease is mutyh-associated polyposis.