VEGFA and breast cancer: Indeed, VEGF has been associated with tumor growth[1] and it has been shown to be a potent vascular permeability factor, a vascular endothelial cell mitogen and a survival factor.[2] VEGF over-expression is stimulated by hypoxia and in this pathway; the hypoxia inducible growth factor-1 (HIF-1) promotes VEGF expression and angiogenesis.[3–5] Moreover, over-expression of VEGF and/or its receptor is associated with an unfavorable prognosis and contributes to the progressive growth of mammary cancer.