The regulation of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase gene expression by fatty acids is mediated through PPRE, to which peroxisome proliferators activated receptor (PPAR) can bind.[38] PPAR is involved in colorectal oncogenesis.[39] Previously, we reported that dietary administration of ligands for PPARγ and α effectively suppressed the development of colonic epithelial malignancies induced by AOM/DSS in female ICR mice.[40]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and infectious otitis media.