Notably, in the absence of C1q, HA induced STAT3 activation in DU145 cells (Fig. 10C and 10D), implying that HA may increase metastasis of C1q-deficient prostate cancer cells by upregulating STAT3 phosphorylation and suppressing activation of p53 and WOX1. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and prostate carcinoma.