We observed, for example, significantly greater adhesion of circulating MDA-MB-231 (231-control) breast cancer cells onto the region of the endothelium treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared to the untreated region at shear stress levels of 0.50 dyn cm−2 (Figure 1G, Supplemental Figure S1A) and 2.50 dyn cm−2 (Supplemental Figure S1B) (p<0.02). Here, TNF is linked to breast carcinoma.