To test this hypothesis we studied the expression of TLR2 in human and murine chronic renal diseases and explored its role by inducing renal fibrosis in TLR2−/− or TLR2+/+ mice using the murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a well accepted experimental model for the study of the mechanisms of progressive renal fibrosis. Here, TLR2 is linked to chronic kidney disease.