Alternatively, the nominal linkage evidence in these prostate cancer pedigrees may represent other prostate cancer predisposition genes located near BRCA2 including HMG1, LGR8, CCNA1, TRPC4, and FOXO1. Finally, the results may be spurious as only a limited number of pedigrees (i.e., five of the original 59 pedigrees) were studied, and segregation analysis with chromosome 13q may not be the most reliable way of identifying BRCA2 mutation families. This evidence concerns the gene FOXO1 and prostate carcinoma.