KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer: Crow et al. were able to identify the individual cell lines with an overall sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 99% and demonstrated promising results of Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis and grading of carcinoma of the prostate.[29] Grubisha et al. demonstrated the low-level and simultaneous determination of many complexed forms of prostate specific antigen using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).[30] This technology in future may aid in diagnosis of prostate cancer by analyzing a sample of blood for cancer-specific isoforms of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA).