TGFB1 and hydronephrosis: In addition, in fetal sheep with hydronephrosis, levels of TGF-β1-mRNA were found higher in hydronephrotic kidneys as compared with normal kidneys.[12] Finally, Seseke et al.[13] showed that TGF-β1 expression was markedly higher in rats with hydronephrotic kidneys, whereas contralateral kidneys did not differ significantly from control values.