MSH2 and cancer: Other studies have demonstrated that individuals with mutations in MSH2 have a higher risk of developing cancer in the urinary tract, stomach and ovaries, compared with individuals with mutations in MLH1. Beck et al.65suggested that families with cancer that did not fulfill the requirements of the Amsterdam criteria, but that carried germline mutations, mostly presented missense mutations that resulted in less severe structural changes to the coded proteins, thereby reducing the aggressiveness of the disease.