In the present study, we put the COX-2 -1195G/A polymorphism under consideration and found that COX-2 -1195AA homozygote in H pylori seronegative status had increased ESCC risk (AOR ratio: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2 – 7.3). The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.