We have also demonstrated the utility of blood cytokine profiling to subclassify patients with early RA, and demonstrated an association of elevated blood levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, IL-15 and granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor with autoantibody targeting of citrullulinated antigens [12]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.