PLAU and Cerebral ischemia: Nonetheless, there is clear evidence that uPA rather than tPA is the key plasminogen activator in cerebral ischemia in mice, rats, and humans (Cinelli et al.,2001; Hosomi et al.,2001; Rosenberg et al.,1996), and it has recently been described as coexpressed with uPA in brains of HIV patients with opportunistic cerebral infections (Nebuloni et al.,2008).