There have been reports of brain macrophage/microglial cell surface uPAR expression in HIV dementia, multiple sclerosis, cerebral malaria, traumatic brain injury, CJD, and Alzheimer's disease (Beschorner et al.,2000; Cinque etal.,2004; Deininger et al.,2002; Fauser et al.,2000; Gveric et al.,2001; Sidenius et al.,2004; Walker et al.,2002). Here, PLAUR is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.