Nonetheless, there is clear evidence that uPA rather than tPA is the key plasminogen activator in cerebral ischemia in mice, rats, and humans (Cinelli et al.,2001; Hosomi et al.,2001; Rosenberg et al.,1996), and it has recently been described as coexpressed with uPA in brains of HIV patients with opportunistic cerebral infections (Nebuloni et al.,2008). Here, PLAU is linked to brain ischemia.