TNF and neoplasm: Probably directed in part by PGE2, based on reduced production of anti-tumor Th1 cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ and IL-2) (Harris et al. 2002) and increased production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10 and IL-6) (Shreedhar et al. 1998; Huang et al. 1998; Della Bella et al. 1997).