Among the set of genes that we identify as being related to RCC, some were known from previous studies (e.g. ATP6V1B1, EGLN3, SLC25A5, TUBB, ALDOA); others had never before been associated with RCC, but have been identified with other cancers (e.g. ABL2, JAZF1, TFAP2A). This evidence concerns the gene TFAP2A and cancer.