Furthermore, we correlated the PSA-NCAM labeling to the functional β-cell mass in animal models where it is either decreased or increased: (i) the Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat, a model of type 2 diabetes [16] and (ii) the 48 h glucose-infused rat (HG/HI), a model in which a long-term imposed hyperglycemia leads to pancreatic overactivity and to an impressive increase of functional β-cell mass [17]. Here, NCAM1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.