NFKB1 and neoplasm: It has also been shown that the sustained upregulation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) in the liver cells, through the paracrine action of tumour necrosis factor-α secreted from the neighbouring endothelia and inflammatory cells, may lead to the tumour development (Maeda et al, 2005; Choi et al, 2006; Sakurai et al, 2006; Luedde et al, 2007), given the activation of mitogenic and anti-apoptotic genes through NF-κB pathways.