In contrast, thrombin-induced signaling in 39M1-81 fibroblasts and 1321N1 astrocytoma cells is independent of EGF receptor transactivation and rather requires the activation of PKC to connect the elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration with an activation of the ERK signaling pathway. This evidence concerns the gene PRRT2 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).