VEGFA and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: They found that the 13 infants developing BPD had significantly lower levels of tracheal aspirate VEGF closer to one week of life.(59) No difference in tracheal aspirate VEGF levels were noted between BPD vs no BPD infants in the study by Ambalavanan et al.(52) In a recent study, a phasic pattern of VEGF concentrations was noted in infants who go on to develop BPD.