MMP9 and breast carcinoma: Fernandez et al have demonstrated that NGAL and MMP-9 complexes were identified in nearly 86.36% of urine sample from breast cancer patients whereas this molecule is undetectable in the urine of healthy controls, suggesting that urinary NGAL may represent a novel, non-invasive biomarker for tracking disease status and the effectiveness of anticancer therapy in NGAL positive breast carcinomas[12].