CD4 and HIV-1 infection: Considering the key role played by mDCs in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection, that mDCs are constantly exposed to microbial components derived from different pathogens and commensal microorganisms upon microbial translocation, and knowing that this phenomenon accentuates HIV-1 infection and spreading, we investigated whether TLR2, 4, 5, 7 and 9 agonists can directly modulate the ability of immature monocyte-derived DCs (IM-MDDCs), which are considered as myeloid-like DCs, to be productively infected with HIV-1 and transfer virus to susceptible CD4+ T cells.