Although controversy remains, these human data derive mostly from investigations of an allelic variant of BDNF (Val66Met or Met-BDNF), inheritance of which has been associated with poorer cognitive performance in healthy older adults [3], impaired memory in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls [1], [2], abnormal hippocampal activation as assessed by fMRI [2], and an approximately 4% to 11% smaller hippocampal volume as determined by MRI in healthy adult volunteers [3], [4]. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and schizophrenia.