TP53 and neoplasm: Tumor-suppressor and tumor-related genes known to be silenced in GC due to promoter hypermethylation include p14, p15, p16, p53, p57, hMLH1, cdh1 (e-cadherin), apc, chfr, cox2, dap-kinase, gstp1, hpp1, mgmt, rassf1A, runX3, timp-3 and thbs1 [10,  47,  48,  94,  98,  100-103,  116].