Several components of the ECM have been implicated in AMD or AMD-related disorders.31,34–37 Mice with a homozygous mutation in one of these, TIMP3 (MIM ∗188826), encoding an inhibitor of metalloproteases, appear to show disturbances of the apical processes of the RPE in addition to basal infoldings, similar to the changes observed in Adam9−/− mice.38 This evidence concerns the gene ADAM9 and age-related macular degeneration.