The induction of IL1R2 by IL-4 [32] certainly suggests that the maintenance of a TH2-like phenotype is important in controlling inner ear disease, whereas expression of IFNγ, that fosters a TH1-like response, has been observed in AIED patients [22], and blocks the expression of IL1R2 [33]. The gene discussed is IL1R2; the disease is inner ear disorder.