MAPK3 and prostate cancer: Further studies demonstrated that it inhibits proliferation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro and that it also inhibits angiogenesis and progression of many xenograft and orthotropic nude mice models, including non-small cell lung cancer [36], small-cell lung cancer [37], gastric cancer [38], nervous system tumors [39], pancreatic cancer [40], colon cancer [41], hepatocellular carcinoma [42], and prostate cancer [43], via inhibiting phosphorylation of AKT and/or ERK1/2.