TYMS and neoplasm: In line with this view, several studies in colorectal cancer patients treated with 5FU-based adjuvant therapy have shown that low-DPD protein or mRNA expression in the tumour is associated with longer DFS and OS (Popat et al, 2004; Ciaparrone et al, 2006; Jensen et al, 2006; Lassmann et al, 2006; Popat et al, 2006; Yamada et al, 2008), whereas no consistent correlation has been shown with TS tumour expression (Kamoshida et al, 2004; Aguiar et al, 2005; Ciaparrone et al, 2006; Jensen et al, 2006; Lassmann et al, 2006; Popat et al, 2006; Soong et al, 2008; Yamada et al, 2008).