Because TLR have been implicated in development of pathology in animal models of filarial parasites as well as in a related filarial infection, onchocerciasis [4], we sought to determine the role of TLR expression in development of filarial lymphedema by examining the expression patterns of all ten human TLRs in PBMCs of CP and INF patients following 24-hour stimulation with BmA or PPD. Here, CBLIF is linked to onchocerciasis.