VCAM1 and prostate cancer: An appropriate example would be the use of VCAM-1 in the recruitment of monocytes (undifferentiated macrophages) and the differentiation of these cells into tumour-associated macrophages, which can provide a microenvironment conducive to tumour growth, metastasis, and of course angiogenesis, as especially prevalent in breast and prostate cancers (Pollard, 2004).