TGFB1 and cervical carcinoma: This TGF-β1 is then processed by either the epithelial cell specific integrin ανβ6 (Sheppard, 2005; Hazelbag et al, 2007) or by MMPs, especially active MMP-2 (Sier et al, 2006) in complex with MMP-14 and TIMP-2 on the cell membrane of cervical cancer cells at the epithelial cell–stroma border.