Dysfunction of one of these complexes (ESCRT-III), either by RNAi depletion of its essential subunit CHMP4B (also known as SNF7-2) or by expression of a mutant CHMP2B protein (another subunit of ESCRT-III and associated with Frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 3), caused autophagosome and polyU protein aggregate accumulation, and dendritic retraction followed by neuronal death in cultured mature cortical neurons [85]. This evidence concerns the gene CHMP4B and frontotemporal dementia.