AKT1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis studies in mice have shown activation not only of TGF-beta but also phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B via a Semaphorin (SEMA) 7A-dependent mechanisms, and PKB/AKT inhibition diminished TGF-beta-induced fibrosis [37].